The Main Elements Of Society For Aristotle And Plato

Provence Barnouin 10/14/16 Prof. Hittinger Contemporary Civilization: Idea Paper 1 Households (or families) are one of the key elements of society for both Aristotle and Plato. Family is the first form in society of association between men as it answers man’s natural needs, and instincts. As Aristotle explains, the coupling â€Å"which necessity gives rise [to] is that between those who are unable to exist without one another,† in other words man is a being that is, by nature, social and political. Association is a natural phenomenon, which declines in interdependent forms such as the family, the village, and finally the city. However, it would be an error to assume that each form is not fundamentally different from one another. In Politics, Aristotle criticizes Plato’s assumption that a city must strive to be a unit, because â€Å"beyond a certain point, city will be reduced to family and family to individual.† [Book II, 1261a] Indeed, if a city state were to strive towards unity it would resemble a household, since he holds the househo ld to be of higher degree in unity, but by assumption, a city state is different that a household. By uncovering and comparing the differences between the city and the household in Politics, Ethics and The Republic, we will first explain Aristotle’s criticism and Plato’s potential response to his student. This will lead us to understand the relationship between the city state and the household and explain whether the family is a naturalShow MoreRelatedComparing Aristotle and Plato Essays1325 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Aristotle and Plato Aristotle argues that in order for a polis to emerge, a union between man and women must convene. 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It is not coincidentalRead MorePlato Vs Aristotle On Politics And Philosophy1899 Words   |  8 PagesPlato versus Aristotle Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael s School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental thatRead More The Platonic and Aristotelian Views on the Role and Status of Women in Society3399 Words   |  14 Pageswomen followed this trend, and women were often overlooked in how they could contribute to society. It was rarely considered that the traits women share could be of use beyond their household duties. In this essay I will analyze the Platonic and Aristotelian views on the role and status of women. Although Plato and Aristotle had distinct beliefs on what women could contribute to the collective well being of society, they shared similar opinions about the genuine status that women had in comparison to

Gender Discrimination An Ethical Problem Essay - 1043 Words

Abstract: Gender Discrimination is a type of discrimination where basing on a particular person’s gender (or) sex a person is discriminated, majorly this type of discrimination is faced by women and girls. In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference. This paper speaks about various sources of gender discrimination, effects of gender discrimination various reports etc., in a Contemporary Business Introduction: The modern era of globalization and technology changed the world’s perceptional history way forward than many can expect, yet in this modern era where everyone is considered as equal there are major number of incidents where discrimination with respect to gender. This issue of Gender Discrimination is no more to be ignored (nor) to be bear silence as it is now an Ethical Problem. The major issues of Gender Discrimination are seen at the work environments and everyone has to know this particular issue is a serious form of Employment Discrimination. Gender Discrimination is considered as one of the serious illegal and injustice forms with respect to most of the countries worldwide. Gender Discrimination at workplace is becoming a huge obstacle for an individual’s professional growth. Despite the efforts of the law many reports areShow MoreRelatedCurrent Ethical Issue in Business1476 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Your Name Here PHL/323 Date Here Instructor’s Name Here Globally, Wal-Mart is the second largest revenue generating company. It is surprising to see so many discriminating issues within the company. Women working for the company are consistently treated unfairly, yet other issues exist. It is as if Wal-Mart has fallen into the negative economic routine. The company is guilty of everyday social discrimination;Read MoreThe Ethics of Genetically Enhancing Children Essays1633 Words   |  7 Pagesand preimplantation genetic diagnosis to obtain a healthy child, and reproductive technology continues to improve. With this in mind, the question arises whether sex selection is ethical. Julian Savulescu, Uehiro Professor of Practical Ethics at Oxford University, argues that sex selection is moral, based on his ethical principle of Procreative Beneficence: that â€Å"couples (or single reproducers) should select the child, of the possible children they could have, who is expected to have the best lifeRead MoreRetaining Ethics Rule And A D iversity715 Words   |  3 PagesRetaining ethics rule and a diversity is important in business world to succeed, but some businesspeople fail to apply diversity to their business. Particularly, discrimination is a case that proves the failure of business. In the case â€Å"Short Shorts,† it shows gender discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace. Lucy is a waitress at the Sandtrap, which is located on the beach and a popular restaurant for night bands. The Sandtrap is attractive during customers’ vacation season, but theRead MoreAffirmative Action Is Important For Society1649 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative action Affirmative action is an attempt to address past discriminatory injustices which may be based on gender, race or ethnicity. Affirmative action may take the form of policies and programs which are mostly mandated by governments and designed to bring changes in organizations, companies and educational institutions. 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Investigative Journalism †Libel Actions and Coalition Government Reforms Free Essays

Abstract Investigative journalism is an important part of the international media and the lives of ordinary people, reporters involved with this type of work present important and highly valuable information to the public. This paper talks about investigative journalism and the risks and implications that result from it. When an organization or individual feels attacked by an investigative journalist’s report, they can take a libel action against the journalist. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigative Journalism – Libel Actions and Coalition Government Reforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now These kinds of suits are not only crucial but also highly costly. However, various governments provide some basic rights to both the individual and the journalist. The coalition governments, that is the cabinet of a parliamentary government, of various countries have come up with statutory reforms in order to protect the interest of both these parties. One of these reforms includes the Public Interest Defence reform, which protects journalists from libel actions when the information they have presented is in the public interest. This branch of journalism has been subject to several criticisms, however despite its controversial grounds, it stands strong due its important contributions in relation to public interest. Introduction Investigative Journalism has been a growing branch of journalism in the past and has had considerable influence on people’s mindsets and the media culture. It is a nature of reporting news in which a journalist focuses on a particular personality, business or phenomena and digs deep into its root, in order to bring out serious issues to the public’s eye. The only difference in this kind of reporting is that the people who are connected to the issue are not taken consent of and are often harmed in the process. Investigative Journalism makes available private and confidential information which is guarded with secrecy for public scrutiny. Libel actions are taking against ‘†a publication without justification or lawful excuse which is calculated to injure the reputation of another by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule† (Parke, B. in Parmiter v. Coupland 1840). This paper talks about Investigative Journalism, in context of libel actions and the c onsequences of such law suits. It also talks about different Coalition governments, and their stance on Investigative Journalism as well as the reforms they have introduced, including the Public Interest Defence Reform 1998 which was passed to protect the rights of the reporters. Body The nature of Investigative journalism is inherently controversial and has been received with considerable disapproval by the people who have become its victims. When One’s personal life or organization is attacked by an investigative journalist, they can lawfully take a libel action, mostly libel actions are taken when there is a threat to one’s own or one’s organization’s reputation. Though the requirements of a libel action vary from country to country, mostly the plaintiff must prove that the statement was made to a third party, that the statement was a direct reference to the plaintiff and that the statement was slanderous before filing a libel action. Investigative reporters have some rights and can sometimes successfully avoid the consequences of these libel actions. The main ways are to justify their information as being truthful and actually. They can also exercise their right of Qualified Privilege which is given to a person, who has the authority to give out certain information without being liable of defamation. English law is one of the most reformed and well-enforced law systems which is followed by various countries. After various libel actions were filed, which involved a close battle between freedom of expression of reporters and the right to privacy of the defamed, the Public Interest Disclosure Act, was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1998. This act protects such reporters from a negative treatment by their employer or any individual. It was passed to protect employees who disclose information, which is confidential but is of interest to the general public. This act has been very useful in protecting reporters who carry out risky investigative journalism to bring to light, issues that are in the public interest . Such cases have been very prevalent, for instant in the case, Reynolds v Times Newspapers [2001] 2 AC 127, the â€Å"public interest† defense was used, and â€Å"the Supreme Court unanimously reversed the decision of the Court of Appeal† deciding that Reynolds’s defense was true to public interest and involved media’s freedom of expression. However, the Act has been criticized, as it has been a considerable deterrent on part of the employers, who can neither penalize nor discipline employees, who disclose confidential information and for failing to provide security to the reporters, if a libel action is filed against them. Many constitutions have followed this legislation, the constitution of Canada too enforced Public Interest Defense, stating in Security of Information Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. O-5) that ‘No person is guilty of an offence under section 13 or 14 if the public interest in the disclosure outweighs the public interest in non-disclosure. The weighing of ‘public interest’ against one’s defamation, is a very subjective decision and can vary case to case, thus one can not rely on a jury to objectively give out a decision as to what is of more value. Thus, this legislation has its own limitations, and can at times fail to help the reporters against a libel action. On the other hand the journalist of the developing countries are not even privileged enough to go through a law suit in order to fight for their own rights and neither are the defamed people or organizations, because of a weak law and order enforcement. Despite strict laws, the government of such countries fails to keep the security of the investigative reporters into account and also the libel action cases take several years to complete and a lot of money has to be spent. The reporters are often mistreated by the large organizations or powerful personalities and even face life threats. Such are the implications of investigative journalism; it is a complicated branch of journalism with many repercussions and unpleasant consequences but has its own advantages and uses. Conclusion Investigative journalism has had a considerable effect on the media and the lives of other people. In the third world countries have to risk their lives and face a lot of threats due to the nature of this reporting and often their government fails to provide them any protection. While their law system is weak and the libel actions that are taken, take several years to be proved and thus the victims of their defamation take other ways to threat these reporters. In Developed countries, the law and order is strong and thus these reporters are protected, however libel actions are processed with great care and thus can cost heavy fines and loss of career for these reporters, who are merely carrying out their job or following their employer’s orders. Investigative journalism, thus, can be very costly, whether it is the cost of the journalist’s career or the cost of the plaintiff’s reputation or even the material costs that one faces during or after the judgment is pass ed. References U.S.House, Security of Information Act. Hearing, 1985 Washington: Government Printing Office, Last amended on 2006-12-11. Middleton, Kent, and Chamberlin, Bill F, The Law of Public Communication, Third Edition, 1994, Longman Publishing Group. Lucinda S. Fleeso (1998). Ten Steps to Investigative Reporting. International Center for Journalists. The News Manual [online]. (2008). Available from: . Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 [online]. Available from: . Mr. Robin Williamson (7 May 1996). WarWick [online]. Available from: . Basic Law [online]. (1997). Available from: . Law of Libel Amendment Act 1888 [online]. Available from: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/51-52/64/contents Defamation: Reynolds public interest defence upheld by Supreme Court in Flood v Times Newspaper (2012). Herbert Smith [online]. [Accessed 2012]. Available from: . How to cite Investigative Journalism – Libel Actions and Coalition Government Reforms, Essay examples

Assessing the Influence of Business Education on the Solvency of Small

Question: Discuss about the influence and the impact of the business education on the solvency of small and medium enterprises in Victoria. Answer: Business Research Topic I want to study about the influence and the impact of the business education on the solvency of small and medium enterprises in Victoria. There are lots of small and medium enterprises in Victoria. The initial research suggests that the business education can help the small and mid organizations to grow and develop. Literature Review Small and medium enterprises hold a significant place in Australia. SMEs not only offer employment to over 10% of the Australian adult population but also, provides the economies goods and services as well as a major contributor to both income and wealth creation. However, despite, this significant contribution, the Australian Bureau of Statistics in a recent report indicated that approximately 90, 000 SMEs deregistered from the economic market every year. Further, 75% of the SMEs, equating to nearly 67, 500 ventures failed to see their 5th year of operation. Several recent scholarly efforts have indicated that over 60% of owners and/ or proprietors of these fallen enterprises gave one basis for insolvency as being their inadequate business and management capabilities. Such capabilities included education levels, experience durations, formal and informal skills and market knowledge. Imperatively, this implied that a higher proportion of the SMEs insolvencies were evitable, had these proprietors or owners acquired the needed business knowledge, education, skill, expertise or support. Literature has it that enhancing business competencies and management skills allowed owners or proprietors identify blind spots occurring in the internal operational structure of some enterprises; to be identified and controlled. Therefore, this study pursued to assess the influence of having business education on the solvency of these SMEs. From the early years of the 20th century, scholarly and practitioner efforts, primarily relating to business structures and procedural management focused on enhancing the business managers understanding and knowledge. They aimed at realizing outcomes beneficial to business owners (shareholders) and staff (employees). The century nurtured the concept and realm of enterprise development emanating from the industrial revolution and the emergence of the Modern Industrial Capitalist (MIC) (Galbraith 2004, p. 1). The emphasis for this study lays with small and medium enterprises solvency. It will review the significance of business management education on SMEs solvency; giving focus to the perceived participants (education givers and business proprietors) requirements of the facilitating education givers and the perceived outcomes by the business proprietors. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in their report ((ABS Cat. No. 8127.0 2011c) (2012) indicated that small and medium enterprises hold a significant place in Australia. SMEs not only offer employment to over 10% of the Australian adult population but also, provides the economies goods and services as well as a notable contributor to both income and wealth creation. However, despite, this significant contribution, the Australian Bureau of Statistics in a recent report indicated that approximately 90, 000 SMEs deregistered from the economic market every year. Further, 75% of the SMEs, equating to nearly 67, 500 ventures failed to see their 5th year of operation. Several recent scholarly efforts have indicated that over 60% of owners and/ or proprietors of these fallen enterprises gave one basis for insolvency as being their inadequate business and management capabilities. Such capabilities included education levels, experience durations, formal and informal skills and market knowledge. The mere background elicits the need to investigate degree if any that management and business courses effects on SMEs solvency. Indeed, a primary motivation for the study remains to determine whether the higher incidence of SMEs emanated from a deficiency in business education. Research Questions The research project has five key questions. These questions can be discussed as: Do the various business management programs offered at Victoria-based higher learning institutions meet the competency-based needs of vocational education and training Do the various Victoria-based higher learning institutions offer SMEs business management programs that meet the various players needs Do the SMEs proprietors enrolled for education and management programs select vocational teaching and training competent courses At the end of the training, do the SMEs participants acquire significant general and specific personal and business competencies Do the various business and management teaching approaches by Victoria-based higher learning institutions contribute to enhancing SMEs solvency Research Methodology The research methodology would be a combination of primary and secondary research. Additionally, the study design will achieve knowledge transference suitable to SMEs proprietors/ owners as well as, offering improved education and management education by training. Gant Chart I plan to complete the research in the window of 14 weeks. The 14 weeks timelines or the Gant Chart can be shown as: Timelines: 2016 W-1 W-2 W-3 W-4 W-5 W-6 W-7 W-8 W-9 W-10 W-11 W-12 W-13 W-14 Background Study Concept Paper Research Area Finalied and supervision Research Questions Defined Literature Review Data Collection Data Analysis Report Preperation Final Research Report Research Process The research process would be a logical model in which that would have the various steps. The first step for the research process would be the research problem identification. The definite steps used in my research process can be discussed as: Step 1: Identify the topic for which I would do the research. I have already complete this step This is the phase where the broad area of research is defined. In this phase, the specific research questions are not formulated but the high-level research area is defined. Step 2: Define the specific research problem, research questions and research objectives This is the phase where the specific research questions are developed. In this phase, the high-level research area is broken down and the specific research questions for the study are formulated. Step 3: Do the literature review This is the phase where the existing literature on the subject is explored and the literature review is done. Step 4: Develop the research methodology This is the phase where the research methodology is defined and the primary and secondary research is done. Step 5: Data collection Data Analysis This is the phase in which data is collected and data analysis is done. In this phase, the statistics and mathematics equations are used to analyze the data. Step 6: Make report and presentation This is the report in which the report is made and report presentation is developed. Data Collection and Analysis: The data collection and analysis would be a key phase of my research project. I would use the existing studies and literature to collect the data. For data analysis, the tools like Microsoft Excel, SPSS would come useful. I would use business statistics and mathematical model to do data analysis. Expected Research Outcomes Resultantly, the study will be expected to expand the present body of literature relevant to solvency, particularly for SMEs in Australia. As well, it expects to derive significant relationships between business education programs, management skills with business solvency. Finally, based on the research findings the study will draw implications for interventions and further research. References: Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2012). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Business Expectations, Canberra, ABS. Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2012). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Business Operations and Industry Performance, Australia (Canberra),.ABS. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Characteristics of Small Business, Canberra (ABS). Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research. Wadesworth: Belmont California. Bailey, J. and Royston, S. (2009). Small Business Education and Training in Australia. Canberra, National Training Council. Beddall, D. (2012). Government Response to the Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service. Berryman, J. (2012). Small Business Failure and Bankruptcy: A Survey of the Literature. International Small Business Journal, pp. 47-59. Bruns Jr, W. (1999). Accounting for Managers. 2nd ed. Harvard Business School: Boston. Bureau of Industry Economics, (2011). Small Business Survival: the Roles of Formal Education, Management Training and Advisory Services. Small Business Review, 91, p.57. Carland, J. and Carland, J. (1990). Small Business Management - Tools for Success. PWS-Kent Publishing Co: Boston. Cochran, A. (2010). 'Small Business Mortality Rates, A review of the Literature. Journal of Small Business Management, 19(4), pp. 50-59. Cooper, D. and Schindler, P. (2001). Business Research Methods. 7th ed. McGraw- Hil: Sydney. Dawkins, J. (2014). The Australian Mission on Management Skills. Department of Employment, Education and Training, 1(Canberra ACT). Drucker, P. (2001). Management's new paradigms. Forbes, 162(7), pp. 152-177. Galbraith, J. (2004). The World Economy since the Wars. A Personal View, Sinclair- Stevenson: Melbourne. Gerber, M. (2014). The E Myth - Why Most Small Businesses Don't Work and What to Do About It,. 2nd Ed. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Hardy, J. (1987). Successful Business Strategy: How to Win the Market Place. London: Guild Publishing. Karpin, D. (2014). Enterprising nation: renewing Australia's managers to meet the challenges of the Asia-Pacific century. Report of the Industry Task Force on Leadership and Management Skills', Canberra (Australian Govt), Pub. Service. Kuratko, D. and Hodgetts, R. (2001). Entrepreneurship: a contemporary approach. 5th ed. Harcourt College Publishers: Sydney. Perry, C. and Pendleton, W. (2007). Successful Small Business Management. 2nd ed. Sydney: Pitman Publishing. Research Methodology. (1998). 3rd ed. Addison Wesley: Longman,. Melbourne. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods for business students. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Turner, D. and Michael, C. (2009). Managing Current and Future Competitive Performance. Centre for Corporate Change, Kensington NSW. Williams, A. (2009). Identifying the Nature and Causes of Skill Deficiencies in Small Enterprises. SEAANZ and Institute of Industrial Economics National Small Enterprise Conference, Sydney (Institute of Industrial Economics, University of Newcastle NSW). Williams, A. (2009). Small Business Management Training, Research and Consulting: Proposals for Action. The National Training Council.