Toys And Its Impact On Children And Their Performance Of...

Toys play an important role in childhood development as children learn roles and skills from playing. As a result, the toys children are subjected to have an affect on which roles, interests, and skills are learned and practiced. Through Lego’s product Duplo, I will demonstrate the influence particular gendered toys have on children and their performance of traditional gender roles. Gender, which is a learned performance, is something society has been taught from a very early age and toy advertising has played a significant role in reinforcing the performance. One tradition that is reinforced and naturalized by society is the ideology of a male dominated society, representing strong characteristics of heterosexuality and masculinity; also known as hegemonic masculinity. Therefore, using Ideological Criticism, I will analyze how through the branding and design of Lego’s Duplo toys, children have been constructed to do gender differently, ultimately perpetuating and rein forcing hegemonic masculinity. Lego’s Duplo Series Context Billund, Denmark in the early 1900s. In the small village of Billund, Denmark, Ole Kirk Kristiansen began building his dream of toy manufacturing in a woodworking shop. Within this shop, the first Lego toys of wooden ducks, planes, and trucks were created. Soon after, the Lego name, stemming from the Danish word â€Å"Legt Godt† was developed. The title of Legt Godt, meaning, â€Å"play well† in English and â€Å"I put together† in Latin, showcased the drive andShow MoreRelatedWomen s Lack Of Women1409 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduates in non-STEM programs.† Focusing on the STEM disciplines seem to play crucial roles in the future. The recent research (Rosser 2008) revealed that many initiatives tend to direct toward women’s underrepresentation in STEM careers, according to global demands of recruitment. The aim of this essay is to examine why women are underrepresented in STEM subjects at university in the UK, using evidences to attempt gender differences in program choice and graduation. In the first part of this articleRead More Gender Stereotypes in Science and Technology Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesGender Stereotypes in Science and Technology The experiences we have and the ideas we formulate as children can and do have a tremendous impact on what we do with our lives as adults. One thing that we studied during this course was the differences between toys that boys play with and those that girls play with. When little boys are given things to play with like chemistry sets and erector sets, they are given tools to develop skills like mechanical ability and spatial perception. More importantlyRead MoreThe Choice to Engage in Athletics is Influenced by Many Different Factors827 Words   |  3 PagesMillions of children engage in different types of physical activities and sports around the world. Being involved in these programs provides many health benefits and aids in life long physical skills. Through participation in sports and physical activities, children gain friendships and learn how to cooperate and interact with other children. Participating and sports also provides openings for children to develop characteristics and values that are beneficial to personal growth as they mature. TheRead MoreThe Social Premises Causing Gender Gap Within Maths And Science Involvement1329 Words   |  6 Pageshumanity into men and women and the dominant role of men in modern society has led to the obvious prevalence of men, it can be traced in all cultural and historical periods, particularly in areas such as science. Most of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) University graduates are men. Among STEM graduates aged 25 to 34, women represented 23% of graduates from engineering and 30% of graduates from mathematics and computer science programs. (Gender differences in science, technology, engineeringRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Masculinity Versus Career Paths1702 Words   |  7 Pagess the role they had in society for decades before that. Men, and still are, expected to go into a career field that pays a lot of money so they can provide for their families. Those career fields are still usually STEM related. Engineers, scientists, mathematicians, doctors, lawyers, etc. It s not just because the individual wants to go into that field. There are outside factors pushing him/her to subconsciously go into that field. Whether it be peer pressure, gender bias, gender stereotypesRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Norms Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagesacceptable for parents to raise their children in gender neutral ways. As queer rights, feminist movements, and gender equality take on a greater social relevance, many caregivers no longer expect their children to behave stereotypically â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"feminine;† children may even be praised for going beyond their gendered expectations (e.g., boys who can cook well or girls who are fit and athletic). Raising your kids without expecting them to conform to gender norms may allow them to develop a broadRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Bias2091 Words   |  9 PagesGender equality and gender bias has been vigorously discussed and argued for decades, and it still remains as the issue that cannot be ignored in our society. The NSW department of Education and Training provides the Boys’ and Girls’ Educati on Strategy to assist all government schools in NSW to undertake a strategic approach to address gender as an educational issues(NSW DEC). Still, girls are now facing difficulties that arose from not only their abilities but also the influence from their familiesRead MoreA Student Of Generation X Essay2100 Words   |  9 Pagesstudies of math performance. Synthesizing data collected on more than 3 million participants between 1967 and 1987, the researchers found no large overall differences between boys and girls in math performance. Girls were slightly better at computation in elementary and middle school. In high school, boys showed a slight edge in problem solving, possibly because they took more science classes that emphasized those skills. But boys and girls understood math concepts equally well and any gender differencesRead MoreChildren And Adolescents From Single Parent Families Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages Application: Children and Adolescents from Single Parent Families â€Å"Being a Single parent is not a life full of struggles, but a journey for the strong.† – Meg Lowery Throughout this course of School-Age and Adolescents in a Multicultural Society, we have touched on all the topics that affect their development. It is not secret that children and Adolescents are faced with such as race, diversity, gender identity, religion most of all diverse family structures. In our ever evolving world we now haveRead MoreGender Roles And Their Impact On Society1841 Words   |  8 PagesWith children being so influenced by what the people around them think and do, its important for those things to be good. Early in life, children develop gender identities, and in our culture there are stereotypes that children pick up on because its seen as the â€Å"norm†. Males are supposed to be independent and competitive while females are more passive and supportive. Teachers can often impose these stereotypes onto their students, meaning no harm, but in the long run these gender roles can impact

Male Domination in A MIdsummer Nights Dream Essay - 956 Words

Male Domination in A MIdsummer Nights Dream Male Domination For many centuries women have been oppressed, and treated like second-class citizens. Over the years, women have earned more rights and have been recognized as equals to men. Although they have earned many things, there are still some signs of them being oppressed by societies that are still mainly dominated by men. The period when Queen Elizabeth was ruling over England was no different. She was a big supporter of William Shakespeare and his acting company. William Shakespeare was one of the first feminist writers. William Shakespeare wrote the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream. The women in the play have no power and there is nothing they can do. The men use their†¦show more content†¦Theseus is in love with Hippolyta and is convinced she loves him. Hippolyta is upset that she was taken away from her old way of living and is now dreading the day when Theseus and her are married. â€Å"Four days will quickly become immersed in night./ Four nights will quickl y dream away the time† (1.1.7-11). Hippolyta thinks that everything is moving too fast and wants time to think about the marriage. To Theseus Hippolyta is a prize that he won in battle and she is his to control. Hippolyta was pulled from her life as Queen of the Amazons, one that she probably ruled and had say of what she did. Hippolyta is now forced into a life where she has no say over one thing that happens to her. She is now going to be controlled by a man and have no power whatsoever. Although Hippolyta was a woman of great power, she is now reduced to a possession, and is owned by a man who can do with whatever he wants. Egeus is controlling his daughter, Hermia, and would rather see her die than go against what he wants. Hermia and Lysander are in love, and want to be married. Egeus doesn’t approve of Lysander, and wants to make Hermia marry the man he approves of. Egeus doesn’t care who his daughter choices or who will make her happy, he just wants her to marry who he likes, and who he thinks will make her happy. Since Hermia will not let in to Egeus’ demands, Egeus goes to Theseus ask for help: â€Å"I beg the ancient privilege of Athens: As she is mine, I mayShow MoreRelatedShakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream is An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist712 Words   |  3 Pages An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist William Shakespeare wrote the play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, sometime in the 1590s. The play, a romantic comedy, portrays the adventures of four young lovers, an amateur actors group, their interactions with a Duke and Duchess, and with fairies in a moonlit forest. Although Shakespeare used certain themes in this play to portray Greek aspects, the reflection of Elizabethan England is dominant in several different ways. ShakespearesRead MoreEssay on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesMandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of quot;A Midsummer Nights Dreamquot; William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is quot;A Midsummer Nights Dream.quot; They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, whichRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream By William Shakespeare1773 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare presents the male characters within the play as either being fickle or faithful, he does this using many techniques. 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These are the days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throw-away morality, one-night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer to quiet to kill. It is a time when there is much in the show window and nothing in the stockroom. (Moorehead, n.d.) This book is built on the presumption that developing management

Structure And Corporate Financing Decisions -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Structure And Corporate Financing Decisions? Answer: Introduction The most important decision that is made within a company in the quest to maximize its value is usually the decision on which products to manufacture and / or which services to offer, however, the decision on how to finance the investments in those assets that allow offering such products and / or services (eg in machines and equipment), is often seen as a minor or secondary decision (Miglo, n.d.). This paper intends to emphasize the importance that financial decisions can have on the value of a company, without forgetting that the expected results will depend considerably on the assumptions that are made about the capital markets and the agents that operate in these markets. The capital structure of a business is the combination of debt and capital that an organization uses to Capital structure of Aveo in the past 5 years It is time to review how the capital structure of a firm behaves in the presence of taxes. To that end, we will continue to use the theoretical framework that Modigliani and Miller developed in his article: The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment published in 1958 (Bena and Hanousek, 2006). With a very strong balance sheet, the investors look at various things in the balance sheet to invest in the company. There are two measurements for evaluating a companys strength. The first one is the capital structure and the second is the working capital of the company. Aveo has had a very good performance in terms of asset performance of the company and therefore has had good runnings with the investors. For purposes of the report, we shall analyze the company structure of Aveo Ltd for the last five consecutive years (Agarwal, 2013). For capitalization, the company has a record of long-term and short term structures of capital which are permanent in the long term and are a combination of debt and of equity. Aveo has most likely concentrated on keeping a healthy record of equity as opposed to capital debt of the company. This is a clear indication that the company is financially healthy as the yardstick for debt to equity ratio of any company according to IFRS and IAS is 1:1. Aveo ltd equity comprises of preferred stocks and retained earnings which are the inputs of shareholders equity on the balance sheet account. Aveo equates its debt with its liabilities; however, there is a major difference between operational liabilities and the debt liabilities. The difference is that debt liability forms the capitalization component of a company capital structure. Short term and long term debt form the debt component of a company (Martin and Baker, 2013). Short term debts mostly comprise notes payable. The golden rule is that long term debt should take up two third of the total debt figure according to the prudent principle in accounting. Short term will take the remainder. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total debt/Shareholder equity 2574/701.8=3.7:1 2183/669.6=3.16:1 1840/853.2=2.16:1 1887.2/918.4=2.0:1 2428.5/1072=2.2:1 The analysis in the figures above indicate that the debt to equity ratio in the five years have been very high. While the recommended yardstick of debt to equity ratio is 1:1, Aveo ltd remains to have a high ratio in terms of debt to equity ratio. In the year 2012, the debt to equity ratio was 3.7:1 which was 3 times higher than the recommended threshold. This is not optimal at all. In 2013, the ratio dropped albeit marginally to 3.2: 1 as well as in the year 2014. This was an improvement in terms of financial management despite being high for the accounting standards. In the financial year ended 2015, it dropped to 2.0:1, although not optimal, it seems the company had put in place measures to tame the high debt to equity ratio. This shows that the liquidity of a company is improving (Brown, Liang and Weisbenner, 2006). This is also the case in 2016 where the debt to equity ratio was 2.2: 1. This shows that in all the 5 financial years the debt to equity ratio exceed the yardstick an d this is not good for the investors in Aveo ltd. Optimum capital structure The assumption in prudence use of leverage or debt is that the management can earn more on borrowed money to the amount of interest and fees expense paid on these funds.If a company in a highly competitive environment, is hobbled by high debt , the company may find its competitors taking advantage of the problems facing the company to grab more market share. But if there are taxes, is the irrelevance of the capital structure maintained? To answer this question, let us imagine that the cash flow (FC) of a company is similar to a pie. That cash flow, brought to present value with the appropriate discount rate, will give us the value of the firm. In a taxed world, a company without debt would have a CF like this: (Brown, Liang and Weisbenner, 2006) Dividend history and policy The financial value of the company, that is, the value of the shares, can be expressed as the current equivalent of the expected dividend stream, valued at the required return (ke): The model is based on the reasonable assumption that the dividend is the principal source of shareholder remuneration but, please note, it does not pre-empt that it should be immediately recognized: all dividends expected over the investment horizon are included, as well as the price which is expected to be able to sell the T share; retained earnings will revert to future dividends and also to terminal value because reinvestment will cause the company to grow at a rate g = ROE (1 - pay out). 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Dividend paid (in millions) 21.1 17.7 - - - Arguments in favor of investing in companies that do not distribute dividends (Chen, 2005) In Aveo Ltd, the company cannot afford to be capitalized by distributing their dividends to the shareholders because of their investment need. Reinvestment is done in bid not to fall behind their competitors and to give the shareholders maximum value in terms of shareholders value for the future. In many cases, the company like Aveo will sell its shares in order to have a tax advantage where dividends are subject to the IRPF. Arguments in favor of the distribution of dividends This is the other side of the coin, where shareholders can sketch a smile every three months. The perspective from this position is totally different from the previous one, where it is preferred that the money earned with the contributions made by the shareholders be returned to them, since in a certain way these benefits belong to them. In this way the shareholder has the freedom to choose what to do with the liquidity obtained. Pay-out Another fact that we usually take into accounting when we intend to invest in a company that distributes dividend is the Pay-out. This is the part of profits that the company destines to dividends, so it will always be advisable to take it into account since, depending on the situation in which the company is, more or less dividends will be distributed. Where are the profits of companies that do not distribute dividends invested? The profits that the company obtains and are not destined to the distribution of dividends do not have a specific destiny, each company makes the most appropriate decision as to where it has to invest this money, although usually this destination is usually the same for all the companies7. For example: to ensure greater liquidity, to have a working fund to help us in a difficult situation, etc. But we must also take into account that there are shareholders who have deposited their trust and money in the company so that it can carry out its activities, so the reward to these shareholders has to come from a part of the profits (Graham, n.d.) Dividend history for the past 5 years The quality of dividends distributed is directly proportional to the quality of financial reports produced. The dividend structure is commensurate to the profits received for the company. Aveo ltd has not paid out dividends for the last three years. In fact the last dividend paid was in the year 2013, the debt to equity ratio has also reduced in those years. Aveo ltd has not paid out dividends for the last three years, and its debt equity ratio has reduced in those three years (Vandekerckhove, 2012). This report discusses the impact of dividend payments on company value, whose maximization, remember, is the financial objective. Modigliani and Miller demonstrated that, under certain conditions, shareholders should be indifferent between the payment of dividends and the capitalization of results; however, some companies have turned this pay into an essential element of their relationship with investors. Others, on the other hand, maintain a systematic policy of reinvestment, without their actions being penalized by investors. Know the complete process that must be followed to make successful decisions in Financial Investments. Dividend distribution Problems in individual decision-making are mainly due to two causes of fear of decision making and thoughtless decision-making (Vandekerckhove, 2012).Attractiveness of Aveo Australia ltd to an investor Aveo is a very attractive company to invest in. it has had its fair share of troubles especially in dividend payout but remains a very attractive company for investors nonetheless. The dividend policy, and its broader expression as a self-financing policy, is closely related to both the financial structure and the investment decisions. Retained earnings are a source of financing that, depending on the preferences of the company and its owners, can make growth possible by supplementing or supplementing debt or other sources of self-financing, such as capital increases. Self-financing is, in fact, the preferred source for many R D-intensive companies, and / or latent opportunities (Graham, n.d.). Regarding how dividends are canceled Brealey and Myers point out: The dividend is fixed by the company's board of directors. The announcement states that payment will be made to all shareholders who are registered on a certain closing date. Later, about two weeks later, dividend checks are se nt to shareholders. Dividends can only be declared by the board of directors, which then has the authority to order the payment of a dividend. If the directors or board of directors decide to declare a dividend, they must take appropriate measures to pay the members at a certain date (Vandekerckhove, 2012). Aveo ltd profitability levels are high showing that investors can be attracted by the levels of profit that the company is having. Although attractiveness of a company can be measured using different yardsticks, profitability, liquidity and the companys general stability remains the key areas of focus for the investors outlook (Graham, n.d.). According to this approach, the shareholder's profitability in any period t is the sum of the dividend yield and the profitability accrued by the change in the value of the shares: so that the model does not establish any express priority between dividends and retention. This result has some logic, because the value of the company's asset is the current equivalent of free cash flow, discounted to the weighted average cost of capital, and neither of these two variables depends on the distribution policy (maintaining the presumption that the decision involves a trade-off between paid dividends and new capital) Nor does it pre-judge that both profits (dividends and capital gains) are strictly equivalent: in fact they are not, because the latter are subject to risk, hence a financial valuation and a discount rate with risk. Accordingly, in a first approximation the effect of the dividend policy on the value of the enterprise will depend on the future impact of the retained earnings: to the extent that the incremental result provided by the domestic reinvestment offsets the risk and the time (preference for liquidity), shareholders will be willing to waive their current dividends in exchange for future (incremental) dividends. Conclusion Aveo is a good company to invest in. It is clear, that the cash flow of the business, will be shared by the shareholders and the State. Then, the present value of what is left to the shareholder, would be the value of the company, or otherwise seen, Vu = E, where Vu is the value of a deleveraged company and E is the equity (Vandekerckhove, 2012). References Agarwal, Y. (2013). Capital Structure Decisions. Hoboken: Wiley. Bena, J. and Hanousek, J. (2006). Rent extraction by large shareholders: evidence using dividend policy in the Czech Republic. Prague: CERGE-EI. Brown, J., Liang, J. and Weisbenner, S. (2006). Executive financial incentives and payout policy. Washington, D.C.: Divisions of Research Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board. Brown, J., Liang, J. and Weisbenner, S. (2006). Executive financial incentives and payout policy. Washington, D.C.: Divisions of Research Statistics and Monetary Affairs, Federal Reserve Board. Chen, A. (2005). Research in finance. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI, . Graham, B. (n.d.). The intelligent investor. New York: Collins. Martin, G. and Baker, H. (2013). Capital structure and corporate financing decisions. Hoboken, business-law.: Wiley. Miglo, A. (n.d.). Capital structure in the modern world. Vandekerckhove, W. (2012). Responsible investment in times of turmoil. Dordrecht [u.a.]: Springer